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In gluconeogenesis, the involved enzymes are almost (90%) the same as the glycolytic ones, but there are 3+1 irreversible reactions in which different enzymes are needed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Pyruvate is produced from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)<\/strong>. This requires two enzymes and two high energy compounds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pyruvate carboxylase<\/strong> converts pyruvate into the oxaloacetate<\/strong> with biotin and hydrolysis of ATP, and the process involves activator acetyl-CoA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase<\/strong> using GTP and prepares phosphoenolpyruvate from oxalacetate<\/p>\n\n\n\n Further along the way, the same glycolytic enzymes are involved in the process, except glucose-6-P-phosphatase<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The synthesis is energy-intensive \u2014 2 molecules of lactate require 6 ATPs to produce one glucose<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/span>\n Gluconeogenesis is a process when your body tries to support the glucose need of your brain of other tissues in order to keep survive the day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n There are several moments of your daily life when this process is crucial for maintaining glucose\/energy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n In order to get some free “fuel” your body is using shuttles-cycles like:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/span>Name of the enzyme<\/strong><\/td> Function<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)<\/strong><\/td> makes lactate from pyruvate
makes pyruvate from lactate<\/td><\/tr>Pyruvate carboxylase<\/strong><\/td> converts pyruvate into OAA<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> PEP carboxykinase<\/strong><\/td> converts OAA into PEP<\/strong><\/td><\/tr> Enolase<\/td> generates 2-PG<\/td><\/tr> PG mutase<\/td> generates 3-PG from 2-PG<\/td><\/tr> PG kinase<\/td> generates PG<\/td><\/tr> GAPDH<\/td> generates PG from GAP<\/td><\/tr> Triose-P-isomerase<\/td> generates DHAP from GAP<\/td><\/tr> Aldolase<\/td> generates DHAP and GAP<\/td><\/tr> F-1-6 Bisphosphatase<\/td> generates F-6-P<\/td><\/tr> G-6-P isomerase<\/td> changes the structure back to G-6-P<\/td><\/tr> G-6-Phosphatase<\/strong><\/td> generates GLUCOSE<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table> Gluconeogenesis from pyruvate<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
Lifehacks about the Gluconeogenesis in your daily life<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
References<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n