{"id":1665,"date":"2020-08-14T11:42:16","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T11:42:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/male-reproductive-system\/testicles-spermatic-cord-and-ductus-deferens\/"},"modified":"2021-11-27T15:58:55","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T13:58:55","slug":"testicles-spermatic-cord-and-ductus-deferens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/male-reproductive-system\/testicles-spermatic-cord-and-ductus-deferens\/","title":{"rendered":"Testicles, spermatic cord, and ductus deferens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_15549\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/male_genitalia.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Testicles, spermatic cord, and ductus deferens\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/male_genitalia-551x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15549\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Male reproductive anatomy&nbsp;<\/strong>(Credit: OpenStax,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Testicles<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The testicles are the primary male reproductive organs; located in the scrotum, as they require a slightly lower temperature for the production of spermatocytes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The layman\u2019s definition of testicles generally regards the whole \u201csack\u201d of the scrotum together with the gonads as testicles, but in anatomical terms, we do not include the scrotum when describing the testicles.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Functions<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spermatogenesis (production and maturation of spermatocytes)<ul><li>Highly sensitive to heat<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Steroidogenesis (production of testosterone)<ul><li>Not affected by temperature changes<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Layers<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The testicles are engulfed and covered by layers that are continuous with the layers of the spermatic cord, from inside outwards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tunica albuginea<\/strong><ul><li>Grayish fibrous capsule immediately covering the testis<\/li><li>&nbsp;The inner part of this layer is known as the&nbsp;<strong>tunica vasculosa<\/strong>&nbsp;as it contains tiny blood vessels<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Tunica vaginalis<\/strong><ul><li>Visceral and parietal layers<\/li><li>An extension of the peritoneum, meaning that the testicles are&nbsp;<strong>intraperitoneal<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Internal spermatic fascia<\/strong><ul><li>Derived from the transversalis fascia<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Cremaster muscle<\/strong><ul><li>Elevates\/lowers the testicles to help maintain a constant temperature idle for spermatogenesis (keeping them closer or further away from the body)<\/li><li>Derived from the internal oblique muscle<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>External spermatic fascia<\/strong><ul><li>Derived from the external oblique aponeurosis<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_19189\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/testicle-anatomy.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Testicles, spermatic cord, and ductus deferens\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/testicle-anatomy.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19189\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Anatomy of the testicle<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: OpenStax,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Structure<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The testicles consist of the&nbsp;<strong>testis&nbsp;<\/strong>(the large, egg-shaped structure)&nbsp;connected to and embraced by the&nbsp;<strong>epididymis&nbsp;<\/strong>at the&nbsp;<strong>mediastinum testis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The testis contain the&nbsp;<strong>seminiferous tubules<\/strong>&nbsp;which are the site of initial spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis<\/li><li>The seminiferous tubules end up as the&nbsp;<strong>straight tubules<\/strong>&nbsp;in the&nbsp;<strong>mediastinum testis<\/strong>&nbsp;which also transmits the neurovasculature to the testis<\/li><li>The straight tubules drain to the&nbsp;<strong>rete testis<\/strong>&nbsp;and then the&nbsp;<strong>efferent tubules&nbsp;<\/strong>which end up in the epididymis<\/li><li>The epididymis, consisting of a&nbsp;<strong>head, body&nbsp;<\/strong>and a&nbsp;<strong>tail<\/strong>, is the site of storage for the spermatozoa until ejaculation<\/li><li>The ducts of the epididymis end up in the&nbsp;<strong>ductus deferents<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Neurovasculature<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A special feature of the testicles is the presence of a special venous system \u2014 the\u00a0<strong>pampiniform plexus<\/strong>, a network of 10-12 anastomosing veins that surround the testicular artery and help cool it down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Blood supply<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Testicular arteries\u00a0<\/strong>from the abdominal aorta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Venous drainage<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Pampiniform plexus \u2014<\/strong>\u00a0joining to form the testicular veins, which on the right side drain to the IVC, and the left side \u2013 left renal vein<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Innervation<\/strong><\/td><td>Aorticorenal plexusInnervation of the cremasteric muscle is derived from a genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lymphatic drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Para-aortic lymph nodes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1. Neurovasculature of the midgut<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Spermatic cord<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tubular structure containing the neurovasculature and ducts essential for the male gonads.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Path<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The spermatic cord begins from the&nbsp;<strong>deep inguinal ring<\/strong>; it passes through the&nbsp;<strong>inguinal canal<\/strong>&nbsp;as layers of muscles and aponeuroses engulf it, exiting through the&nbsp;<strong>superficial inguinal ring<\/strong>, descending into the scrotum and becoming continuous with the testicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_20365\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/inguinal-region-scaled.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Testicles, spermatic cord, and ductus deferens\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/inguinal-region-600x474.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20365\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>The male inguinal region<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Contents<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ductus deferens<\/li><li>Artery of ductus deferens<\/li><li>Testicular artery<\/li><li>Pampiniform plexus<\/li><li>Cremasteric artery and vein<\/li><li>Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (from L1, L2)<\/li><li>Sympathetic and visceral afferent nerve fibers<\/li><li>Lymphatics<\/li><li>Remnants of the processus vaginalis<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Layers<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the spermatic cord exists the superficial inguinal ring, it contains all of its layers, which are the same as the layers of the testicles, except the tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ductus deferens<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ductus deferens (<em>Latin<\/em> for carrying-away duct) is a muscular tube with an inner mucosal lining that carries sperm. The old terminology for ductus deferens was <strong>vas deferens<\/strong> (carrying-away vessel), but it is not a vessel but rather a duct, hence the change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ductus deferens connects between the tail of the epididymis and terminates the ejaculatory duct as an enlargement known as the<strong>&nbsp;ampulla of the ductus deferens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ampulla, joined by the duct of the seminal vesicle, empty into the ejaculatory duct, which penetrates through the prostate and joins the prostatic urethra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During ejaculation, the rhythmic contractions of its smooth muscle layer help propel the sperm forward through the long path of the duct.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testicles<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Functions<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Layers<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurovasculature<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spermatic cord<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Path<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contents<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Layers<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ductus deferens<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Testicles Description The testicles are the primary male reproductive organs; located in the scrotum, as they require a slightly lower temperature for the production of spermatocytes. The layman\u2019s definition of testicles generally regards the whole \u201csack\u201d of the scrotum together with the gonads as testicles, but in anatomical terms, we do not include the scrotum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1655,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1665","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Testicles, spermatic cord, and ductus deferens &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/male-reproductive-system\/testicles-spermatic-cord-and-ductus-deferens\/\" \/>\n<meta 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