{"id":1643,"date":"2020-08-14T11:37:08","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T11:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/small-intestine\/"},"modified":"2022-03-12T11:54:41","modified_gmt":"2022-03-12T09:54:41","slug":"small-intestine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/digestive-tract\/small-intestine\/","title":{"rendered":"Small intestine"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The small intestine is an intermediate of the gastrointestinal system connecting the stomach to the large intestine. It is the site of absorption for the majority of nutrients.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_15737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/small-intestine.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Small intestine\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/small-intestine-600x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15737\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Small intestine<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Blausen.com staff (2014),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_15494\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/intestines_layers.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Small intestine\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/intestines_layers-600x341.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15494\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2.<\/strong> <strong>Layers of the small intestine<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: OpenStax,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The small intestine measures about 6-7 meters, extending from&nbsp;the pyloric sphincter&nbsp;to&nbsp;the ileocecal junction. It consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Duodenum<\/li><li>Jejunum<\/li><li>Ileum<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Duodenum<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Latin \u2014&nbsp;<strong>twelve<\/strong>&nbsp;(twelve fingers, literally the length of it \u2014 or 25cm long), the duodenum extends from the pyloric sphincter to duodenojejunal flexure (L2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_20868\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/duodenum.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Small intestine\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/duodenum-600x427.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20868\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3.<\/strong> <strong>The duodenum<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Luke Guthmann,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Parts<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The duodenum consists of 4 parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Superior<\/strong><ul><li>Transverse<\/li><li>Located at the level of L1 vertebra<\/li><li>Mobile (thanks to the mesentery that attaches to it)<\/li><li>5cm long<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Descending<\/strong><ul><li>Longitudinal<\/li><li>Located at the levels of L1-3 vertebrae<\/li><li>No mesentery<\/li><li>7-10cm long<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Inferior<\/strong><ul><li>Transverse<\/li><li>Located at the level of L3 vertebra<\/li><li>No mesentery<\/li><li>6-8cm long<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Ascending<\/strong><ul><li>Longitudinal<\/li><li>Located at the levels of L3-2 vertebrae<\/li><li>No mesentery<\/li><li>5cm long<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between its third and fourth parts, is the insertion point for the\u00a0<strong>ligament of Treitz<\/strong>, a suspensory muscle (the name \u201cligament\u201d is a misnomer) tethering the duodenum to the connective tissue around the superior mesenteric artery. It marks the transition point between the foregut and the midgut.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Ducts and openings<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The hepatopancreatic duct&nbsp;drains to the descending duodenum and opens as the&nbsp;<strong>major duodenal papilla&nbsp;<\/strong>(or&nbsp;<strong>papilla of Vater<\/strong>), forming the border between the foregut and the midgut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;accessory pancreatic duct&nbsp;is usually superior to and smaller than the main duct, opening to the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Neurovasculature<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the duodenum is formed from both the foregut and midgut, the neurovasculature comes from both origins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Blood supply<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries&nbsp;from the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, accordingly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Venous drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins, end up in the portal vein<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Innervation<\/strong><\/td><td>Celiac and superior mesenteric nerve plexuses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lymphatic drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Pancreaticoduodenal and superior mesenteric lymph nodes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1. Neurovasculature of the duodenum<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Jejunum<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Latin \u2014 fasting (because it is often empty during dissection).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located at the upper left quadrant<\/li><li>The jejunum begins at the duodenojejunal flexure<\/li><li>Forms 2\/5 of the total length of the small intestine (excluding the duodenum)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ileum<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Latin \u2013 twisted up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located at the lower right quadrant<\/li><li>The ileum beings after the jejunum, and ends at the ileocecal junction<\/li><li>Forms 3\/5 of the total length of the small intestine<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Neurovasculature<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Blood supply<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior mesenteric artery, via ileal and jejunal arteries.<br>The vessels anastomose through arterial arcades and vasa recta.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Venous drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior mesenteric vein, joining the splenic vein and forming the hepatic portal vein.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Innervation<\/strong><\/td><td>Superior mesenteric nerve plexus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lymphatic drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Juxtaintestinal lymph nodes<br>Mesenteric lymph nodes<br>Superior central lymph nodes<br>These drain to superior mesenteric lymph nodes<br>Additional lymph nodes at the ileocecal region drain to ileocecal lymph nodes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 2. Neurovasculature of the jejunum and ileum<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Mesentery<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fan or flower-shaped fold of peritoneum attaching parts of the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall; it forms from the posterior parietal peritoneum and consists of connective tissue and fat, and contains the superior mesenteric artery and vein. The mesentery divides the inframesocolic space into the right and left parts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_15720\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/mesentery.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Small intestine\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/mesentery-600x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15720\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 4.<\/strong> <strong>The mesentery<\/strong> <strong>as it connects to the small intestine<\/strong> (Credit: scientificanimations.com, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>root of the mesentery&nbsp;<\/strong>is the point of origin of the mesentery: an oblique line formed between the duodenojejunal flexure on the left, to the ileocecal junction in the right iliac fossa. The position is oblique thanks to the&nbsp;270\u00b0 rotation of the midgut during the development of the embryo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Small intestine\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/root_of_mesentery.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 5. The root of the mesentery<\/strong> (Credit: scientificanimations.com, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Duodenum<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parts<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ducts and openings<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurovasculature<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jejunum<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ileum<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurovasculature<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mesentery<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description The small intestine measures about 6-7 meters, extending from&nbsp;the pyloric sphincter&nbsp;to&nbsp;the ileocecal junction. It consists of: Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Duodenum From Latin \u2014&nbsp;twelve&nbsp;(twelve fingers, literally the length of it \u2014 or 25cm long), the duodenum extends from the pyloric sphincter to duodenojejunal flexure (L2). Parts The duodenum consists of 4 parts: Superior Transverse Located [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1640,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1643","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Small intestine &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/organs-and-systems\/digestive-tract\/small-intestine\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/organs-and-systems\\\/digestive-tract\\\/small-intestine\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/organs-and-systems\\\/digestive-tract\\\/small-intestine\\\/\",\"name\":\"Small intestine &#8211; 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