- T5-L3 spinal segments<\/li>
- Thoracic splanchnic nerves \u2014 Greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves<\/li>
- Lumbar splanchnic nerves<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- Parasympathetic innervation<\/strong>
- Vagus nerve (CN X)<\/li>
- Pelvic splanchnic nerves<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Autonomic ganglia<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
- Celiac ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Aorticorenal ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Superior mesenteric ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Inferior mesenteric ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Superior hypogastric ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Inferior hypogastric ganglion<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
The ganglia are named after their location. Most of these correspond to the arteries nearby, and they are carried by their branches to the organs, since they originate from the same embryological origins, therefore, it\u2019s safe to declare that they innervate organs originating from the same precursors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ganglion<\/th> Sympathetic<\/th> Parasympathetic<\/th> Organ(s) innervated<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> Celiac ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Greater splanchnic nerve (from T5-T9)Lesser splanchnic nerve (from T10-T11)<\/td> Vagus<\/td> Foregut (inferior part of the esophagus, stomach, proximal half of the duodenum)Liver (via the hepatic plexus<\/strong>)SpleenPancreas (superior half)<\/td><\/tr> Aorticorenal ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Lesser splanchnic nerve (from T10-T11)Least splanchnic nerve (from T12)<\/td> Vagus<\/td> Suprarenal glandsKidneysGonads<\/td><\/tr> Superior mesenteric ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Greater and lesser splanchnic nerves (from the celiac ganglion)Least splanchnic nerve (directly)<\/td> Vagus<\/td> Pancreas (inferior half)Midgut (distal half of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, 2\/3 proximal transverse colon.<\/td><\/tr> Inferior mesenteric ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-L3)<\/td> Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)<\/td> Hindgut (1\/3 distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum)<\/td><\/tr> Superior hypogastric ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Lumbar sympathetic trunk (from the lumbar splanchnic nerves)<\/td> Pelvic splanchnic nerves<\/td> Sigmoid colonRectumUrinary bladderProstateExternal genitalia<\/td><\/tr> Inferior hypogastric ganglion<\/strong><\/td> Superior hypogastric and sacral splanchnic (from lumbar splanchnic nerves)<\/td> Pelvic splanchnic nerves<\/td> RectumUrinary bladderProstateExternal genitalia<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span>\n Enteric nervous system<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The enteric nervous system consists of neurons and nerve plexuses that supply the gastrointestinal tract with autonomic innervation \u2014 both sensory and motor (from the esophagus down the anus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The enteric plexuses consist of two important components located in different layers of the GIT:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Meissner\u2019s plexus<\/strong>
- Also known as the submucosal plexus<\/strong> (as it is located within the submucosa)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- Auerbach\u2019s plexus<\/strong>
- Also known as the myenteric plexus<\/strong>, located within the muscularis layer of the GIT<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/intestines_layers-600x341.png\")
<\/a>Layers of the small intestine<\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>
- Auerbach\u2019s plexus<\/strong>
- Also known as the submucosal plexus<\/strong> (as it is located within the submucosa)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
- Aorticorenal ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
- Celiac ganglion<\/strong><\/li>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/intestines_layers.png\")
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