{"id":1624,"date":"2020-08-14T11:29:31","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T11:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses\/"},"modified":"2024-04-22T21:38:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T19:38:54","slug":"cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses\/","title":{"rendered":"Cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\"><\/div>The cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses provide an alternative pathway for drainage of blood between the two caval veins (superior and inferior vena cava), and the portal vein and the caval veins. These anastomoses exist <\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In case of occluded venous drainage of a major vessel such as one of the vena cava (superior or inferior), or the portal vein, an alternative drainage must develop, forming a non-physiological anastomosis between two veins, draining blood from the occluded vein.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As their name suggests, cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses are essentially anastomoses between two or more branches that reach unrelated major trunks of veins.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Cavo-caval anastomoses<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cavo-caval anastomosis connects between the superior and inferior vena cava; they can occur due to increased pressure in the venous system due to obstruction and narrowing of one of the vena cava (known as\u00a0<strong>superior\/inferior vena cava syndrome<\/strong>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Superficial<\/strong>. Between the superficial epigastric and the thoracoepigastric and thoracic lateral veins.<\/li><li><strong>Epigastric<\/strong>. Between the inferior and superior epigastric veins.<\/li><li><strong>Azygos<\/strong>\u2013<strong>hemiazygos system<\/strong>. Through the ascending lumbar veins.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Porta-caval anastomoses<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The portal vein drains directly to the liver; in case of liver disease, resistance to blood flow may develop (imagine the liver as a \u201cfilter\u201d which gets clogged). Blood will collect within the portal vein, stretching it \u2014 this condition is known as&nbsp;<strong>portal hypertension<\/strong>.<br>Since the excess blood has to go somewhere \u2014 an alternative pathway will develop, bypassing the portal vein and go directly to the vena cava:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Esophageal<\/strong>. Esophageal branches which drain to the superior vena cava and the esophageal branches instead of the left gastric vein<\/li><li><strong>Rectal<\/strong>. Superior rectal vein which will drain to the inferior and middle rectal veins instead of the superior mesenteric vein<\/li><li><strong>Caput medusa<\/strong>\u00a0(\u201cmedusa\u2019s head\u201d). Paraumbilical veins which will drain to the superficial epigastric vein instead of the portal vein<\/li><li><strong>Retroperitoneal<\/strong>. Splenic branches which will drain to the renal, suprarenal or gonadal veins instead of the portal vein<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Clinical correlation<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Varicose veins\u00a0<\/strong>are a condition in which veins enlarge due to chronically increased intraluminal pressure and weakened venous wall support. A very common morphology of varicose veins is\u00a0<strong>hemorrhoids<\/strong>. In the case of esophageal porta-caval anastomose (or simply, esophageal varices), the dilated veins may rupture and bleed without the knowledge of the patient, and this may be fatal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_17775\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/varicose_vein.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/varicose_vein-583x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17775\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Varicose veins in the leg<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_17777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/hemorrhoids.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/hemorrhoids-600x450.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17777\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Hemorrhoids<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: BruceBlaus,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cavo-caval anastomoses<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Porta-caval anastomoses<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical correlation<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses provide an alternative pathway for drainage of blood between the two caval veins (superior and inferior vena cava), and the portal vein and the caval veins. These anastomoses exist Description In case of occluded venous drainage of a major vessel such as one of the vena cava (superior or inferior), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1620,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1624","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\\\/cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\\\/cavo-caval-and-porta-caval-anastomoses\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cavo-caval and porta-caval anastomoses &#8211; 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