{"id":1621,"date":"2020-08-14T11:29:31","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T11:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches\/"},"modified":"2020-12-09T00:48:04","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T22:48:04","slug":"abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches\/","title":{"rendered":"Abdominal aorta and its branches"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The abdomen and pelvis are supplied by branches of the abdominal aorta and its continuation, the internal iliac artery, which is a branch of the common iliac artery.<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Course and related structures<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The abdominal aorta begins as the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus, below the level of&nbsp;<strong>T12<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>vertebra<\/strong><\/li><li>It descends through the abdomen anterior to the vertebral bodies and lumbar veins, deviating slightly to the left<\/li><li>As it descends, the pancreas and splenic vein, left renal vein, and the inferior part of the duodenum lie anterior to it<\/li><li>The right crus of the diaphragm is located to its right<\/li><li>The cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, azygos vein, and the inferior vena cava are all located to its left<\/li><li>The&nbsp;<strong>aortic plexus&nbsp;<\/strong>of the autonomic nervous system covers its anterior surface<\/li><li>Within the abdomen, it gives off several branches and then terminates as the&nbsp;<strong>right<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>left<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>common iliac arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;at the level of&nbsp;<strong>L4 vertebra<\/strong><\/li><li>The&nbsp;<strong>renal arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;divide the abdominal aorta into the suprarenal and infrarenal segments<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_18349\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aorta.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Abdominal aorta and its branches\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aorta-395x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18349\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Segments of the aorta<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Mikael H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m and Edoarado,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_18359\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aorta-1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Abdominal aorta and its branches\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/aorta-1-600x567.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18359\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>The aorta and its branches<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: OpenStax,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The abdominal aorta gives off several paired and unpaired branches to supply the viscera and body wall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>All of the unpaired branches are directed anteriorly and are known as the&nbsp;<strong>unpaired visceral branches<\/strong>; they supply the gastrointestinal tract organs (unpaired organs)<\/li><li>The paired branches that are directed laterally are known as the&nbsp;<strong>paired visceral branches<\/strong>; they supply the kidneys, suprarenal glands, and gonads (paired organs)<\/li><li>The paired branches that are directed posteriorly are known as the&nbsp;<strong>paired parietal branches<\/strong>; they supply the diaphragm and body wall<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th>Plane<\/th><th>Type<\/th><th>Supplies<\/th><th>Branches<\/th><th>Vertebral level<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Anterior<\/strong><\/td><td>Unpaired visceral<\/td><td>The GIT, liver, pancreas, and spleen<\/td><td>Celiac trunk<\/td><td>T11-T12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Superior mesenteric artery<\/td><td>L1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Inferior mesenteric artery<\/td><td>L3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lateral<\/strong><\/td><td>Paired visceral<\/td><td>The kidneys, suprarenal glands, gonads<\/td><td>Middle suprarenal<\/td><td>L1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Renal<\/td><td>L1-L2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Gonadal (testicular\/ovarian) <br><em>Some authors consider them as anterior branches<\/em><\/td><td>L2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Posterior<\/strong><\/td><td>Paired parietal<\/td><td>The diaphragm and body wall<\/td><td>Subcostal<\/td><td>L2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Inferior phrenic<\/td><td>T12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Lumbar (4 pairs)<\/td><td>L1-L4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Median sacral<\/td><td>L5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1. Arterial table of the abdominal aorta<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Anterior branches<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The anterior branches of the abdominal aorta supply the unpaired abdominal viscera (the GIT, pancreas, and spleen).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Celiac trunk<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An anterior branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the foregut (esophagus, stomach, and the proximal half of the duodenum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The name \u201ctrunk\u201d comes from the fact that the branch itself is short, due to the fact that it branches out right away as it forms (like the trunk of a tree).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Branches<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Left gastric artery&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Smallest branch, supplies the stomach and the lower part of the esophagus<\/li><li><strong>Splenic artery<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014&nbsp;Largest branch, supplies the pancreas, spleen, and forms the&nbsp;<strong>left gastroomental<\/strong>&nbsp;(or&nbsp;<strong>gastroepiploic<\/strong>)<strong>&nbsp;artery<\/strong>, as well as the&nbsp;<strong>short gastric arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 all which supply the stomach<\/li><li><strong>Common hepatic artery<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Divides into the&nbsp;<strong>hepatic artery proper<\/strong>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<strong>gastroduodenal artery<\/strong><ul><li>The hepatic artery proper divides into the&nbsp;<strong>left<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>right<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>hepatic arteries<\/strong>, and the right hepatic artery often gives off the&nbsp;<strong>cystic artery<\/strong><ul><li>The right hepatic artery may sometimes arise from the common hepatic artery directly<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The gastroduodenal artery will give off the&nbsp;<strong>supraduodenal artery<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>superior pancreaticoduodenal artery<\/strong>&nbsp;(which divides into anterior and posterior branches),&nbsp;<strong>right gastric<\/strong>, and the&nbsp;<strong>right gastroomental arteries<\/strong><ul><li>The right gastroomental artery will anastomose with the left gastroomental<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_18357\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/celiac_trunk.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Abdominal aorta and its branches\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/celiac_trunk.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18357\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Celiac trunk and its branches<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Dennis M DePace, PhD,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Superior mesenteric artery<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An anterior branch of the aorta supplying the midgut (distal half of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, and proximal 2\/3 of the transverse colon).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Branches<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery<\/strong><ul><li>Divides into anterior and posterior branches<\/li><li>Anastomoses with the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Jejunal and ileal branches<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Middle colic arteries<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Right colic arteries<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Ileocolic arteries<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Inferior mesenteric artery<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The smallest anterior branch of the aorta, supplying the hindgut (distal 1\/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Branches<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Left colic artery<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Sigmoid arteries<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Superior rectal artery<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Lateral branches<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lateral branches of the abdominal aorta supply the paired abdominal viscera (the kidneys and suprarenal glands).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Middle suprarenal arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Arise above the renal arteries and supply the suprarenal glands<\/li><li><strong>Renal arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Arise inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery at the level of the L1-2 vertebral bodies, and supplies the kidneys<ul><li>The inferior suprarenal arteries arise from it at its halfway to the kidney<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Testicular\/ovarian arteries<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Some authors consider them as anterior branches; they arise right below the renal arteries, pass inferiorly anteriorly to the psoas major muscle, with the testicular\/ovarian vein twisted around it<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Posterior branches<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The posterior branches of the abdominal aorta supply the wall of the abdomen and the diaphragm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Inferior phrenic arteries&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Usually arise right as the aorta passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm; the origin varies from individual to individual (they can also arise as branches of other arteries)<ul><li>They supply the inferior surface of the diaphragm, with the superior suprarenal arteries arising from it<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Lumbar arteries&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Usually, 4 pairs of lumbar arteries arise one below another at the level of the L1-4 vertebral bodies, passing posterior and laterally, \u201chugging\u201d the vertebral bodies, passing underneath the sympathetic trunks, and continue to branch out and supply blood to the posterior abdominal wall, similarly to the posterior intercostal arteries<\/li><li><strong>Median sacral artery<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Arises above the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta, passing inferiorly on the surface of the lower vertebral bodies, sacrum, and coccyx<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Course and related structures<\/h4><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anterior branches<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Celiac trunk<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Branches<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Superior mesenteric artery<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Branches<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inferior mesenteric artery<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Branches<\/h4><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lateral branches<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Posterior branches<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The abdomen and pelvis are supplied by branches of the abdominal aorta and its continuation, the internal iliac artery, which is a branch of the common iliac artery. Course and related structures The abdominal aorta begins as the descending aorta passes through the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus, below the level of&nbsp;T12&nbsp;vertebra It descends through [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1620,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1621","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Abdominal aorta and its branches &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/abdomen-and-pelvis\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\/abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\\\/abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/abdomen-and-pelvis\\\/vasculature-and-lymphatics\\\/abdominal-aorta-and-its-branches\\\/\",\"name\":\"Abdominal aorta and its branches &#8211; 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