{"id":1591,"date":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/sternum\/"},"modified":"2021-10-03T18:40:25","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T16:40:25","slug":"sternum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/sternum\/","title":{"rendered":"Sternum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The sternum connects the ribs and the clavicle anteriorly and provides the anterior border of the thoracic cavity.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sternum consists of three parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Manubrium<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Body<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Xiphoid process<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They connect together by<strong> synchondrosis<\/strong> (cartilaginous joint), which <strong>ossify during adulthood.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Sternum\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"957\" height=\"957\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum.png 957w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/square_sternum-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. <\/strong>The sternum and manubrium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\"><strong>Manubrium<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trapezoidal-shaped bone, which is the thickest and widest out of the three parts of the sternum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Its&nbsp;superior border is the<strong> jugular notch<\/strong> ( also called <strong>suprasternal notch<\/strong>)<ul><li>The notch is bordered by the medial surfaces of the clavicles. <\/li><li>The joint in this junction is known as the&nbsp;<strong>sternoclavicular joint<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The costal cartilage of the 1st rib is directly attached to the lateral border of the manubrium via synchondrosis.<\/li><li>The <strong>clavicular notch <\/strong>is found between the attachment of the first rib and the jugular notch, for the attachment of the clavicle.<\/li><li>The <strong>manubriosternal joint<\/strong> is located between the manubrium and the sternum. <ul><li>This depression is commonly known as the <strong>sternal angle<\/strong> (or <strong>angle of Louis<\/strong>), and it is used for describing the location of many important anatomical structures; for example, the bifurcation of the trachea, and the beginning and end of the aortic arch.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\"><strong>The body of the sternum<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The central part of the sternum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located at the levels of <strong>T5\u2013T9<\/strong> vertebrae and covers most of the heart.<\/li><li>Its width is not constant due to the attachments and joints with the ribs on its lateral borders at the costal notches.<\/li><li>The body consists of four bony units known as <strong>sternebrae<\/strong> separated by three <strong>transverse ridges<\/strong>.<ul><li>The sternebrae articulate with each other by sternal synchondrosis.<\/li><li>These joints are being fused from the inferior end during maturation through <strong>ossification<\/strong> (forming synostosis), and these lines of ossification and fusion will be<strong> <\/strong>seen as <strong>transverse ridges<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\"><strong>Xiphoid process<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The smallest, most inferior part of the sternum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra<\/li><li>In young individuals, it is cartilaginous, while in adults (over 40), it ossifies and fuses with the sternal body<\/li><li>The <strong>xiphisternal joint<\/strong>&nbsp;is located at the junction between the body and the xiphoid process, indicating the <strong>inferior border<\/strong> of the central part of the thoracic cavity.<\/li><li>The xiphisternal joint also indicates the site of the<strong> infrasternal angle<\/strong>, being an important anatomical marker for the superior border of the liver, part of the diaphragm (central tendon), and the inferior border of the heart.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The xiphoid process is one of the most variable bones\/cartilages in the human body. It can take a bifid shape (its end split into two parts), it may be curved, elongated, or completely absent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Sternum\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1146\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton.png 1146w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton-1024x606.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/thoracic-skeleton-768x454.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1146px) 100vw, 1146px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Figure 2. The thoracic skeleton (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Manubrium<\/strong><\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The body of the sternum<\/strong><\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Xiphoid process<\/strong><\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description The sternum consists of three parts: Manubrium Body Xiphoid process They connect together by synchondrosis (cartilaginous joint), which ossify during adulthood. Manubrium Trapezoidal-shaped bone, which is the thickest and widest out of the three parts of the sternum. Its&nbsp;superior border is the jugular notch ( also called suprasternal notch) The notch is bordered by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1585,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1591","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sternum &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/sternum\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/sternum\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/sternum\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sternum &#8211; 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