{"id":1590,"date":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/ribs\/"},"modified":"2021-10-03T18:49:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T16:49:15","slug":"ribs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/ribs\/","title":{"rendered":"Ribs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The ribs are flat and curved bones forming the thoracic cage. They function to protect, allow breathing movements, and as attachments for muscles and ligaments.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/thoracic-cage.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Ribs\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"539\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/thoracic-cage.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/thoracic-cage.png 786w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/thoracic-cage-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/thoracic-cage-768x527.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. The thoracic bones<\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Classification<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can divide the ribs based on their type (<strong>true<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>false,<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>floating<\/strong>) and their structure (<strong>typical<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>atypical<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">True, false and floating<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>True ribs<\/strong>: 1st\u20137th ribs \u2014 Attach directly to the sternum along with their own cartilage.<\/li><li><strong>False ribs<\/strong>: 8th, 9th, and in most of the cases 10th ribs \u2014 Are attached with their own cartilages to the cartilage of the rib above them creating an indirect attachment to the sternum.<\/li><li><strong>Floating ribs<\/strong>: 11th, 12th, and sometimes even 10th ribs \u2014 The cartilages of these ribs do not attach to the sternum at all.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/True_ribs_animation2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4516\"\/><figcaption><strong>True ribs (1-7)<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Anatomography, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/False_ribs_lateral.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4517\"\/><figcaption><strong>False ribs&nbsp;(8-10) and floating ribs (11-12)<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: Anatomography, CC BY-SA 4.0)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Floating_ribs_lateral2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4518\"\/><figcaption><strong>Floating ribs (11-12) only<\/strong> (Credit: Anatomography, CC BY-SA 4.0) <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Typical&nbsp;and atypical<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The 3rd to 9th ribs are considered as <strong>typical<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The 1st, 2nd, 10th to 12th ribs are considered as <strong>atypical<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical ribs&nbsp;(3rd\u20139th) are considered as typical as they all have similar characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Head<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 contains two facets for the articulation with the vertebral column \u2014&nbsp;one facet articulates with&nbsp;the vertebra of the same level and the other with the vertebra above it. These facets are separated by the crest of the head.<\/li><li><strong>Neck&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Located between the head and the body of the rib.<\/li><li><strong>Tubercule&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Located between the neck and the body of the rib; the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra from the same level of the rib.<br>The other part of the tubercle does not articulate but rather&nbsp;connects to the costotransverse ligament, which&nbsp;connects the rib&nbsp;with the transverse process of the vertebra.<\/li><li><strong>Body&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 The main part of the rib. curved, flattened, consisting of the costal angle on its anterolateral surface.<br>In addition, a costal groove is located at the inferior border of the body, this groove contains the intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves,&nbsp; and providing them with protection.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Atypical ribs&nbsp;(1st, 2nd, 10-12th)&nbsp;have a vastly different shape, or missing specific characteristics of the typical ribs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1st rib<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 The broadest, shortest, sharply curved, and containing only single a facet on its head which articulates with the T1 vertebra. This rib contains two grooves for the subclavian vein on its superior surface separated by the scalene tubercle which is the insertion of the scalenus muscle.<\/li><li><strong>2nd rib<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Thinner, less curved, and longer compared to the 1st rib. Moreover, its head has two facets that articulate with the bodies of the T1 and T2 vertebrae.<\/li><li><strong>10-12th&nbsp;ribs<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014&nbsp;Have only one facet on their heads (similar to 1st rib), and articulate&nbsp;with a single vertebra only.<\/li><li><strong>11th<em>\u2013<\/em>12th ribs<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Short and don\u2019t have a neck and a tubercle, and articulate&nbsp;with a single vertebra only&nbsp;as well&nbsp;(characteristics of floating ribs).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Joints<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ribs articulate with the vertebral column, sternum, and manubrium through 4 major joins:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sternocostal<\/strong>&nbsp;joints (synchondrosis) \u2014&nbsp;Articulation of 1st costal cartilages with the manubrium of sternum. Articulation of the 2nd\u20137th pairs of costal cartilages with the sternum.<\/li><li><strong>Costochondral<\/strong>&nbsp;joints (hyaline type) \u2014 Articulation of the costal cartilage with sternal end of the rib.<\/li><li><strong>Costovertebral<\/strong>&nbsp;joints (synovial type) \u2014 Head of the rib with the demifacet of both superior and the same level of the rib.<\/li><li><strong>Costotransverse<\/strong>&nbsp;joints (synovial type) \u2014 Articulation of the tubercle of the rib with the transverse process of the vertebra of the same level.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vertebra_and_rib.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Ribs\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vertebra_and_rib.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5881\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Articulation of the head of the rib with the vertebra<\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ligaments<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ligaments attached to the articulating surfaces of the ribs include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Radiate ligament<\/li><li>Superior costotransverse ligament<\/li><li>Intra-articular ligament<\/li><li>Lateral costotransverse ligament<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vc-ribs.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Ribs\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/vc-ribs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5783\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Ligaments of the vertebral column and ribs<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Movements<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During breathing, the ribs (together with the sternum) move in two manners:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8220;<strong>Pump handle\u201d movement:<\/strong><ul><li>Sagittal plane<\/li><li>Characterized by the elevation and depression of the superior 6 ribs and the sternum due to&nbsp;the shape of the articular surfaces on the tubercles of these ribs which allows this specific movement<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>&#8220;<strong>Bucket handle&#8221; movement:<\/strong><ul><li>Transverse plane<\/li><li>Causing the elevation and depression of the lateral-most regions of&nbsp;<strong>7-10th ribs.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/movements_of_ribs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4547\"\/><figcaption><strong>Movements of the ribs&nbsp;<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classification<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">True, false and floating<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typical&nbsp;and atypical<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joints<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligaments<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Movements<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Classification We can divide the ribs based on their type (true,&nbsp;false,&nbsp;and&nbsp;floating) and their structure (typical&nbsp;and&nbsp;atypical). True, false and floating True ribs: 1st\u20137th ribs \u2014 Attach directly to the sternum along with their own cartilage. False ribs: 8th, 9th, and in most of the cases 10th ribs \u2014 Are attached with their own cartilages to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1585,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1590","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ribs &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/ribs\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/ribs\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/ribs\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ribs &#8211; 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