{"id":1589,"date":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T09:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-vertebral-column\/"},"modified":"2020-12-21T22:48:56","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T20:48:56","slug":"thoracic-vertebral-column","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/thoracic-vertebral-column\/","title":{"rendered":"Thoracic vertebral column"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The thoracic vertebral column consists of 12 vertebrae interconnected by joints and ligaments.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_14859\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column-450x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14859\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Vertebral column and related bones<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: Sobotta)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Functions<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Protection<\/li><li>Suspension of the body<\/li><li>Shock absorbance and weight carrying<\/li><li>Allow mobility<\/li><li>Provide attachment to the ribs and the muscles<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Curvatures<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Generally, the two physiological types of curvatures within the entire vertebral column are&nbsp;<strong>kyphotic&nbsp;<\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>lordotic.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The thoracic vertebral column curvature is considered to be kyphotic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kyphotic<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 Bent forward<ul><li>Thoracic and sacral curves<\/li><li>Primary \u2014 Develop during gestation<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Lordotic<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013Bent backward<ul><li>Cervical and lumbar curves<\/li><li>Secondary \u2014 Develop shortly after birth<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_14872\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column_curvatures.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column_curvatures-600x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14872\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. Curvatures of the vertebral column<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: OpenStax,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Vertebrae<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The thoracic vertebrae can be classified as\u00a0<strong>typical<\/strong>\u00a0or <strong>atypical<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T2- T9<\/strong>\u00a0are<strong>\u00a0typical vertebrae<\/strong>\u00a0and consist of the following:<ul><li><strong>7 Processes:<\/strong><ul><li><strong>1 Spinous process<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Transverse processes<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Articular processes<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Demifacets<\/strong>\u00a0for the head of the rib (superior and inferior)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Vertebral body<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Laminae<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Pedicles<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>2 Facets for articular part of tubercle of the rib\u00a0<\/strong>(on the transverse processes)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Generally,\u00a0<strong>atypical vertebrae<\/strong>\u00a0contain a\u00a0<strong>costal facet<\/strong>\u00a0(single) instead of\u00a0<strong>demifacets\u00a0<\/strong>(couple):<ul><li>T1 is atypical because:<ul><li>It does not contain demifacets, but rather superior costal facets, because there are no demifacets on the C7 vertebra above it.<\/li><li>The first rib articulates only with T1 vertebra and not with any other vertebrae<\/li><li>T1 has a typical inferior costal demifacet which articulates with the 1st rib<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>T10 has only one pair of costal facets on its lateral surfaces, located partially on its body and partially on its pedicle<\/li><li>T11 and T12 have only a single pair of costal facets, located on their pedicles only<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_14869\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vertebral_column-1-600x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14869\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. Structure of vertebrae and the vertebral column<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: OpenStax,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_14874\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/thoracic_vertebrae.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/thoracic_vertebrae-600x451.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14874\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 4. Structure of vertebrae and the vertebral column<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: OpenStax,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_14878\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rib_articulations.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/rib_articulations-600x451.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14878\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 5. Structure of vertebrae and rib articulations<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: OpenStax,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_5826\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/thoracic_vertebra_gif.gif\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/thoracic_vertebra_gif.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5826\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 6. Animation of the thoracic vertebra<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: Anatomography,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_16697\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebrae_inferior.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebrae_inferior-600x475.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16697\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 7. Typical thoracic vertebra (inferior view)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_16698\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebra_superior.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebra_superior-600x450.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16698\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 8. Atypical thoracic vertebra, notice the single costal facet (superior view)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Joints<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the vertebral column, there are three types of joints which are responsible for the articulation between the between the different parts of the vertebrae:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Intervertebral discs&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014&nbsp; Located between the vertebral bodies. It is a symphysis type of joint consisting of the nucleus pulposus (gel) and anulus fibrosus (fibrous ring) around it<\/li><li><strong>Uncovertebral joints&nbsp;<\/strong>(also known as&nbsp;<strong>joints of<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Luschka<\/strong>) \u2014 Located at the cervical portion and only in the T1 between the uncinate processes of the lower vertebral to the uncus of the upper one<\/li><li><strong>Zygapophyseal joints<\/strong>&nbsp;(also known as&nbsp;<strong>facet<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>joints<\/strong>) \u2014 Located between the superior and inferior articulating processes. These are the synovial plane type of joints which permit gliding movements<br><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/iv-disc-600x283.png\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption><strong>Figure 9. Intervertebral disc <\/strong>(Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ligaments of the vertebral column<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Anterior longitudinal ligament<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Covers the vertebral bodies from the anterior surface<\/li><li><strong>Posterior longitudinal ligament<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Covers the vertebral bodies from the posterior surface<\/li><li><strong>Ligamentum flavum<\/strong> \u2014 Attaches within the vertebral foramen on the spinous process surface<\/li><li><strong>Interspinous ligament<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Connects between the spinous processes of the inferior vertebra to the superior one<\/li><li><strong>Supraspinous ligament<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 Connect the spinous processes from the posterior of the tip of each spinous process<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_16701\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebral-column-ligaments.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebral-column-ligaments-600x460.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16701\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 10. Ligaments of the vertebral column \u2014 lateral view<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: Beatricebalciunaite,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_16703\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebral-column-ligaments2.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Thoracic vertebral column\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/vertebral-column-ligaments2-600x420.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16703\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 11. Ligaments of the vertebral column \u2014 posterior view<\/strong>\u00a0(Credit: Beatricebalciunaite,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Functions<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Curvatures<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vertebrae<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joints<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligaments of the vertebral column<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Functions Protection Suspension of the body Shock absorbance and weight carrying Allow mobility Provide attachment to the ribs and the muscles Curvatures Generally, the two physiological types of curvatures within the entire vertebral column are&nbsp;kyphotic&nbsp;and&nbsp;lordotic. The thoracic vertebral column curvature is considered to be kyphotic. Kyphotic&nbsp;\u2014 Bent forward Thoracic and sacral curves Primary \u2014 Develop [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1585,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1589","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thoracic vertebral column &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/thoracic-wall\/thoracic-vertebral-column\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/thoracic-vertebral-column\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/thorax\\\/thoracic-wall\\\/thoracic-vertebral-column\\\/\",\"name\":\"Thoracic vertebral column &#8211; 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