{"id":1502,"date":"2020-08-07T01:12:27","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T01:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/oncogenetics\/oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes\/"},"modified":"2021-02-10T20:04:48","modified_gmt":"2021-02-10T19:04:48","slug":"oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/oncogenetics\/oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes\/","title":{"rendered":"Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that take part in the positive regulation of the cell cycle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viral oncogenes are viruses or virus subunits that can cause cancer.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Oncogenes_illustration-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Oncogenes_illustration-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27010\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Visual representation of the transformation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes<\/strong> (Credit: National Cancer Institute)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Proto-oncogenes<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Proto-oncogenes activate cell division and inhibit apoptosis. They can become oncogenes due to<strong> gain of function mutations<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Examples of proto-oncogenes are\u00a0platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), monomeric G proteins such as Ras and Raf, Cyclins, etc<\/li><li>Overexpression or loss of non-coding RNA&#8217;s such as micro RNA (miRNA) can also lead to tumor formation as the miRNA&#8217;s can act as both proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors.<\/li><li>The proto-oncogenes can become oncogenes by increased production of proteins, production of abnormal proteins, or production of a new protein.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Possible_Pathways_that_turn_Proto-oncogenes_into_Oncogenes.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Possible_Pathways_that_turn_Proto-oncogenes_into_Oncogenes-600x461.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27012\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Pathways that convert proto-oncogenes to oncogenes<\/strong> (Credit: Haywardlc, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Viral Oncogenes<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Viral oncogenes are viruses or subunits of viruses that can cause cancer. They do so by altering the coding sequence of certain genes that cause them to be expressed constitutively.<\/li><li>They can be DNA viruses such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), etc or RNA viruses such as Hepatitis C\u00a0 virus, Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV).<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proto-oncogenes<\/h4><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viral Oncogenes<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proto-oncogenes Proto-oncogenes activate cell division and inhibit apoptosis. They can become oncogenes due to gain of function mutations. Examples of proto-oncogenes are\u00a0platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), monomeric G proteins such as Ras and Raf, Cyclins, etc Overexpression or loss of non-coding RNA&#8217;s such as micro RNA (miRNA) can also lead to tumor formation as the miRNA&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1451,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1502","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/oncogenetics\/oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/oncogenetics\\\/oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/oncogenetics\\\/oncogenes-proto-oncogenes-and-viral-oncogenes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes and viral oncogenes &#8211; 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