{"id":1434,"date":"2020-08-06T23:55:12","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/transmission-genetics\/linkage-and-recombinant-genes\/"},"modified":"2021-02-04T10:14:28","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T09:14:28","slug":"linkage-and-recombinant-genes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/transmission-genetics\/linkage-and-recombinant-genes\/","title":{"rendered":"Linkage and Recombinant Genes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">When genes are being inherited i.e passed from parents to offspring, they can do so in two ways;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Independently<\/strong> as explained in Mendel&#8217;s second law<\/li><li><strong>Linked<\/strong> which is a deviation from Mendelian Genetics.<\/div><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What determines if two or more genes will be inherited\/assorted independently or linked is the distance between them. Genes with a distance of 50cM or more will be independently inherited\/assorted but genes with a distance less than 50cM will be linked. This is because the closer the genes are on the chromosome, the harder it is for them to <strong>cross over<\/strong> in Meiosis. <strong>Centi-Morgan (cM)<\/strong> is a measure of the distance between the loci of different genes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Distance between genes=Recombination frequency=(Number of Recombinant offspring\/Total number of offspring) \u00d7100%<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1% is 1cM<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">What are Recombinant Offspring<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recombinant offspring are those with genotypes\/phenotypes that differ from that of the parent. It happens in Prophase I of meiosis and is a way to produce <strong>genetic diversity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is also good because it helps to decrease the probability of acquiring a mutated gene from the parent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Figure_12_03_04.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Linkage and Recombinant Genes\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Figure_12_03_04-397x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26945\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Visual representation of the production of recombinant chromosomes by crossing over that takes place in Prophase I of Meiosis<\/strong>(Credit: CNX OpenStax; CC BY 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If I cross red and tall flowers with white and short ones and I get the following results;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red and tall: 93<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red and short: 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White and tall: 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White and short: 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8216;red and short&#8217; and &#8216;white and tall&#8217; are <strong>recombinant phenotypes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore the recombination frequency is =(100+90\/93+100+90+90) \u00d7100%=50.9%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that the distance between the genes is 50.9cM and since it&#8217;s greater than 50cM, the genes are inherited\/assorted independently.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are Recombinant Offspring<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What determines if two or more genes will be inherited\/assorted independently or linked is the distance between them. Genes with a distance of 50cM or more will be independently inherited\/assorted but genes with a distance less than 50cM will be linked. This is because the closer the genes are on the chromosome, the harder it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1346,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1434","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linkage and Recombinant Genes &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/transmission-genetics\/linkage-and-recombinant-genes\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/transmission-genetics\\\/linkage-and-recombinant-genes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/transmission-genetics\\\/linkage-and-recombinant-genes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Linkage and Recombinant Genes &#8211; 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