{"id":1412,"date":"2020-08-06T23:29:20","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/bacterial-genetics\/"},"modified":"2021-01-31T23:56:32","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T22:56:32","slug":"bacterial-genetics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/bacterial-genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacterial Genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells with haploid DNA, no introns, and a single circular DNA molecule. They also possess the ability to replicate many times in one minute and this makes it easy to culture them in the laboratory.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Bacteria have three ways of genetic exchange:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Plasmid-mediated conjugation<\/li>
  2. Phage mediated transduction<\/li>
  3. DNA mediated transformation
    An important point to remember is that genetic exchange is unidirectional; this means that genetic information flows from donor to recipient and not the other way round<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bacteria also have plasmids; small extrachromosomal DNA found in a cell’s cytoplasm that can replicate independently from the circular chromosomal DNA. They are important in transferring antibiotic-resistant properties from one bacteria to another. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    There is a clear distinction between the donor and recipient and genetic exchange usually happens between bacteria of the same species. In a few cases where it happens in different species, it confers antibiotic resistance and the ability to make exotoxins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In this way, the bacterial genome consists of chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA(plasmids).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    It is important to define what episomes are. Episomes are extrachromosomal genetic material that is made by detaching from the chromosomal DNA. It may not detach properly i.e it might detach with some bacteria genes that are just adjacent to it. This will lead to the formation of F’ cells(F’ cells are discussed in the Bacterial Genetics: Conjugation lesson)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The difference between the plasmids and the episome is that while the episome can integrate into DNA, plasmids cannot(they replicate independently).<\/p>\n

    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Bacteria have three ways of genetic exchange: Plasmid-mediated conjugation Phage mediated transduction DNA mediated transformationAn important point to remember is that genetic exchange is unidirectional; this means that genetic information flows from donor to recipient and not the other way round Bacteria also have plasmids; small extrachromosomal DNA found in a cell’s cytoplasm that can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1343,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1412","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBacterial Genetics – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/bacterial-genetics\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/bacterial-genetics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/bacterial-genetics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bacterial Genetics – 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