{"id":1385,"date":"2020-08-06T23:02:41","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/dna-methylation\/"},"modified":"2021-01-31T22:39:36","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:39:36","slug":"dna-methylation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/dna-methylation\/","title":{"rendered":"DNA Methylation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">DNA methylation is one of the best types of epigenetic methods as it allows genes that are turned off to stay off completely. It is a repressive mark that occurs in CpG islands (long stretches of DNA containing Cytosine and Guanine as dinucleotides in a repeating order in the 5&#8242; to 3&#8242; direction i.e CGCGCGC&#8230;).<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Mechanism of DNA methylation<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two important processes include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>DNA methylation <\/strong>happens on the fifth carbon of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine (5mc) by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT&#8217;s). <ul><li>DNMT&#8217;s can be DNMT1 or DNMT3a and 3b. The former is used to methylate the unmethylated strand of DNA after replication(remember that DNA replicates in a semi-conservative manner, so the new DNA molecule contains the parental strand that is already methylated and the new strand which is not. It will be methylated by DNMT1).<\/li><li>DNMT1 methylates the new strand according to the pattern of the parental strand. DNMT 3a and 3b are to methylate DNA in a new and different pattern.<\/li><li>DNA methylation<em>\u00a0<\/em>works by constantly recruiting repressor proteins to the methylated region of the DNA to prevent transcription in that region. <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>DNA demethylation <\/strong>is done by Ten Eleven Transclocases commonly known as TET&#8217;s <em>(details of TET&#8217;s are discussed in the Biochemistry course and are therefore not included in the Genetics Curriculum).<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Significance of DNA methylation<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNA methylation is used in X&nbsp; inactivation <em>(discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: X inactivation lesson)<\/em>, genomic imprinting(<em>discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: Genomic Imprinting lesson)<\/em> and carcinogenesis.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mechanism of DNA methylation<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significance of DNA methylation<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mechanism of DNA methylation Two important processes include: DNA methylation happens on the fifth carbon of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine (5mc) by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT&#8217;s). DNMT&#8217;s can be DNMT1 or DNMT3a and 3b. The former is used to methylate the unmethylated strand of DNA after replication(remember that DNA replicates in a semi-conservative manner, so the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1353,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1385","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DNA Methylation &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/dna-methylation\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/dna-methylation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/dna-methylation\\\/\",\"name\":\"DNA Methylation &#8211; 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