{"id":1384,"date":"2020-08-06T23:02:26","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/chromatin\/"},"modified":"2022-05-05T18:01:54","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:01:54","slug":"chromatin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/chromatin\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromatin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The chromatin is a condensed form of the genetic information of eukaryotic cells, formed as a complex of DNA and proteins.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Functions of Chromatin<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
  1. It organizes and compacts DNA<\/strong>. The normal human DNA is about 1.8-2 meters long which would not be able to fit into the nucleus of the cell without proper packaging.<\/li>
  2. It restricts the accessibility of the genome.<\/strong> Chromatin is one of the most important parts of gene expression regulation as the binding of the DNA to histones prevents binding of transcription factors to DNA and inhibits transcription<\/li>
  3. Chromatin regulators alter the accessibility of the genome.<\/strong> Binding of other proteins (not including histones) to the Chromatin can either increase or decrease or completely stop transcription of the DNA<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Levels of Chromatin Organisation<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    There are three levels of chromatin organization<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. DNA wrapping around proteins (histones<\/strong>) to form nucleosomes<\/li>
    2. Multiple histones wrapping together to form nucleosome arrays<\/li>
    3. High-level DNA supercoiling to form the metaphase chromosome<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/a>
      Different levels of DNA condensation. (1) Single DNA strand. (2) Chromatin strand (DNA with histones). (3) Chromatin during interphase with centromere. (4) Condensed chromatin during prophase. (Two copies of the DNA molecule are now present) (5) Chromosome during metaphase.<\/strong> (Credit: Magnus Manske, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

      Types of Chromatin<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

      Chromatin can be classified morphologically and functionally into two distinct groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n