{"id":1353,"date":"2020-08-06T22:25:54","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T22:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/"},"modified":"2021-01-31T22:36:08","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:36:08","slug":"epigenetics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Epigenetics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Epigenetics can be defined as persistent, heritable and reversible changes in gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is done mainly by Histone, nucleosome and DNA modification. The DNA is wrapped around histones to form a nucleosome and the nucleosomes (like beads on a string) form the chromatin. The chromatin <em>(discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: Chromatin lesson)<\/em> condenses to form loops which then lead to the formation of the chromosome. As we discussed in the cell cycle, the visible chromosome; also called the metaphase chromosome, will appear during the metaphase of the M phase of the cell cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nucleosome_organization.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Epigenetics\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nucleosome_organization.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23419\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Structure of the nucleosome. The linker DNA connects two nucleosomes.<\/strong> (Credit: Darekk2, CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epigenetics is basically how can we change gene expression i.e produce more or fewer proteins or RNA without actually changing the DNA sequence. Change in DNA sequence to change gene expression will be called a mutation.&nbsp; Another difference between the two is that epigenetics is reversible while mutation is not.<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Steps of Epigenetics<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epigenetics can be achieved in three ways (which will be discussed in details in the next lessons):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>RNA based mechanisms<\/li><li>Post-translational modification of the histones (by acetylation or phosphorylation)<\/li><li>Modification of the DNA (by methylation).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A special type of epigenetic phenomenon; which is not used as a way to increase or reduce gene expression but rather to completely stop the gene expression is known as X-inactivation and will be discussed later on. Another type of epigenetic phenomenon; Genomic imprinting, which is selective inhibition of genes depending on the parent of origin, will also be discussed.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steps of Epigenetics<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is done mainly by Histone, nucleosome and DNA modification. The DNA is wrapped around histones to form a nucleosome and the nucleosomes (like beads on a string) form the chromatin. The chromatin (discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: Chromatin lesson) condenses to form loops which then lead to the formation of the chromosome. As [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1343,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1353","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Epigenetics &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/\",\"name\":\"Epigenetics &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/Nucleosome_organization.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-06T22:25:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-31T21:36:08+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/Nucleosome_organization.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/01\\\/Nucleosome_organization.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/epigenetics\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pre-clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Medical Genetics\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Epigenetics\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Epigenetics &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/","name":"Epigenetics &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nucleosome_organization.png","datePublished":"2020-08-06T22:25:54+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-31T21:36:08+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nucleosome_organization.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nucleosome_organization.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/epigenetics\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pre-clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Medical Genetics","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Epigenetics"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1353"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4178,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1353\/revisions\/4178"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}