{"id":1352,"date":"2020-08-06T22:25:38","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T22:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/central-dogma\/"},"modified":"2021-01-31T22:31:30","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:31:30","slug":"central-dogma","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/central-dogma\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Dogma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The central dogma, also known as the <em>central dogma of molecular biology or gene expression<\/em>, is the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It is also known as <strong>gene expression<\/strong> from the genotype (DNA) to the phenotype ( RNA and\/or protein).<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Steps of Gene Expression<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The central dogma has 2 steps<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Transcription<\/strong>: the flow of information from the DNA to RNA.<\/li><li><strong>Translation<\/strong>: the flow of information from the RNA to the protein.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13083355814_33f0a18e23_b.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Central Dogma\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/13083355814_33f0a18e23_b-600x480.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23321\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Gene expression in eukaryotes<\/strong> (Credit: NHS HEE Genomics Education Programme, CC BY 2.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Regulation of Gene Expression<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gene expression can be regulated at the level of&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Transcription:<\/strong> by post-translational histone modifications <em>(discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: Histone modifications lesson)<\/em> or DNA methylation<em>(discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: DNA methylation lesson)<\/em> in eukaryotes and by the action of the activators and repressors in prokaryotes.<\/li><li><strong>Translation:<\/strong> by the degradation of the protein product or by small interfering RNA&#8217;s such as mi-RNA <em>(discussed in detail in the Central dogma: Translation lesson).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Pathologies of Gene Expression<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pathologies in gene expression can occur at either the level of transcription and translation and can lead to a number of abnormalities such as uncontrolled gene expression ( which can lead to cancer &#8212; <em>discussed in detail in the Oncogenetics; Proto-oncogenes lesson)<\/em> or absence of a particular protein or enzyme.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steps of Gene Expression<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regulation of Gene Expression<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pathologies of Gene Expression<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Steps of Gene Expression The central dogma has 2 steps Transcription: the flow of information from the DNA to RNA. Translation: the flow of information from the RNA to the protein. Regulation of Gene Expression Gene expression can be regulated at the level of&nbsp; Transcription: by post-translational histone modifications (discussed in detail in the Epigenetics: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1343,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1352","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Central Dogma &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/medical-genetics\/central-dogma\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/central-dogma\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/medical-genetics\\\/central-dogma\\\/\",\"name\":\"Central Dogma &#8211; 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