{"id":1189,"date":"2020-07-23T08:58:38","date_gmt":"2020-07-23T08:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/head-and-neck\/blood-vessels-hn\/maxillary-artery\/"},"modified":"2022-08-19T18:06:43","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T16:06:43","slug":"maxillary-artery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neurovasculature\/blood-vessels-hn\/maxillary-artery\/","title":{"rendered":"Maxillary artery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The maxillary artery is the bigger terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It supplies the deep structures and bones of the face.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Fig 1.<\/strong> The maxillary artery and its branches<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Divisions<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

The maxillary artery is divided into three parts depending on its relation with the lateral pterygoid muscle<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Mandibular part (posterior and lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle)<\/li>
  2. Pterygoid part (adjacent to the muscle)<\/li>
  3. Pterygopalatine part (anteromedially to the muscle)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Branches<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n<\/span>\n

    Mandibular part<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    The mandibular part runs posterior and lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle, deep to the neck of the condylar process of the mandible, and lateral to the stylomandibular ligament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Branch<\/strong><\/strong><\/th>Supplies<\/strong><\/strong><\/th>Course<\/strong><\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Deep auricular<\/strong><\/td>The skin of the external acoustic meatus (EMA) and part of the tympanic membrane<\/td>Passes upwards entering through the wall of the EMA<\/td><\/tr>
    Anterior tympanic (glaserian)<\/strong><\/td>The lining of the middle ear<\/td>Accompanies the chorda tympani nerve, passing upwards behind the TMJ, entering the tympanic cavity through the petrotympanic fissure<\/td><\/tr>
    Middle meningeal<\/strong><\/td>The meninges (lining of the brain), the skull and bone marrow, trigeminal ganglion, geniculate ganglion, facial nerve, tympanic cavity<\/td>Passes upwards entering through foramen spinosum<\/td><\/tr>
    Inferior alveolar (dental)<\/strong><\/td>The mandible and its teeth, mylohyoid muscle<\/td>Passes downwards entering the mandibular foramen into the mandibular canal<\/td><\/tr>
    Accessory meningeal<\/strong><\/td>Structures of the infratemporal fossa<\/td>Passes upwards entering through foramen ovale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    Table 1. <\/strong>Branches of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Pterygoid part<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    The prerygoid part runs adjacent to the lateral pterygoid muscle, ascending anterosuperiorly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Branch<\/strong><\/th>Supplies<\/strong><\/th>Course<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Masseteric<\/strong><\/td>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masseter muscle<\/td>Passes laterally through the mandibular notch<\/td><\/tr>
    Deep temporal (anterior and posterior)<\/strong><\/td>Temporalis muscle<\/td>Passes underneath the temporalis muscle<\/td><\/tr>
    Pterygoid (multiple)<\/strong><\/td>Prerygoid muscles<\/td>Vary in their number and origin<\/td><\/tr>
    Buccal<\/strong><\/td>The cheek (buccal fat pad, masseter muscle, and mucosa)<\/td>Passes downwards together with the buccal nerve<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    Table 2. <\/strong>Branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Pterygopalatine part<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    The pterygopalatine part runs anteromedially to the lateral pterygoid muscle, between the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle, passing through pterygomaxillary fissure into the pterygopalatine fossa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Branch<\/strong><\/th>Supplies<\/strong><\/th>Course<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Posterior superior alveolar<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Maxillary molar and premolar teeth<\/td>Passes downwards through the alveolar canals<\/td><\/tr>
    Infraorbital<\/strong><\/td>Infraorbital region, inferior part of the eye, upper teeth and palate<\/td>Passes through the inferior orbital fissure, orbit, infraorbital canal, exiting through the infraorbital foramen<\/td><\/tr>
    Artery of the pterygoid canal<\/strong><\/td>Upper pharynx, and inner ear<\/td>Passes through the pterygoid canal<\/td><\/tr>
    Pharyngeal<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Roof of the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, sphenoidal air sinus, and pharyngotympanic tube<\/td>Passes through the palatovaginal canal<\/td><\/tr>
    Descending palatine (greater and lesser)<\/strong><\/td>Glands and mucosa of the hard and soft palate<\/td>Passes downwards through the palatine canal<\/td><\/tr>
    Sphenopalatine<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Nasal cavity, air sinuses, and anterior part of the palate<\/td>Passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the nasal cavity<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    Table 3. <\/strong>Branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Mnemonic<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    An easy way to remember all of the branches is using the mnemonic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DAM<\/strong> I<\/strong> B<\/strong>roke M<\/strong>y P<\/strong>retty D<\/strong>oll, I P<\/strong>ut S<\/strong>uperglue P<\/strong>lease D<\/strong>on\u2019t A<\/strong>pproach<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • DAM I \u2014 Mandibular part<\/li>
    • Broke My Pretty Doll \u2014 Pterygoid part<\/li>
    • I Put Superglue Please Don\u2019t Approach \u2014 Pterygopalatine part<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Although in this mnemonic the branches are not presented in their order of origin; it serves an excellent way to remember them all<\/em><\/p>\n<\/span>

      Divisions<\/h4>

      Branches<\/h3>

      Mandibular part<\/h4>

      Pterygoid part<\/h4>

      Pterygopalatine part<\/h4>

      Mnemonic<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Divisions The maxillary artery is divided into three parts depending on its relation with the lateral pterygoid muscle: Mandibular part (posterior and lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle) Pterygoid part (adjacent to the muscle) Pterygopalatine part (anteromedially to the muscle) Branches Mandibular part The mandibular part runs posterior and lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle, deep […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1158,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1189","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nMaxillary artery – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neurovasculature\/blood-vessels-hn\/maxillary-artery\/\" \/>\n<meta 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