{"id":1166,"date":"2020-07-23T08:25:31","date_gmt":"2020-07-23T08:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/test\/head-and-neck\/regions-layers-and-structures-of-the-neck\/layers-and-fascia-of-the-neck\/"},"modified":"2020-12-09T11:36:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T09:36:25","slug":"layers-and-fascia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neck\/layers-and-fascia\/","title":{"rendered":"Layers and fascia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The cervical fasciae are layers of connective tissue that engulf various structures in the neck. They lie deep to the skin, subcutaneous fat, and the platysma muscle.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_17375\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/neck-cross-section.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Layers and fascia\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/neck-cross-section-600x502.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17375\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Cross-section of the neck showing the fasciae of the neck<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Functions<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Help slow down and minimize the spread of infections by creating relatively isolated compartments; this isolation can be helpful during surgery<\/li><li>Offer mechanical support in the form of slipperiness, allowing free range of motion in the neck<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Layers<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cervical fascia (known as the deep cervical fascia) is made from three layers: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Investing layer<\/li><li>Pretracheal layer<\/li><li>Prevertebral layer<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Investing layer<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The investing layer is the most superficial of the three. It beings as an attachment to multiple points along with the bones of the face, including the&nbsp;<strong>superior nuchal lines<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>mastoid process<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>zygomatic arches<\/strong>,&nbsp;and <strong>mandible<\/strong>.<br>The investing layer continues down, covering the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles, forming four \u201ccorners\u201d.<br>Finally, the investing layer reaches its attachment points at the sternum, manubrium and clavicles, and is continuous with the nuchal ligament posteriorly.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Pretracheal layer<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pretracheal layer is thin and is located in the anterior part of the neck. Starts from the hyoid bone and ends at the&nbsp;pericardium&nbsp;of the heart.<br>The pretracheal layer is split into muscular (covers infrahyoid muscles) and visceral (covers thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus; continuous with the<strong>&nbsp;buccopharyngeal fascia<\/strong>) parts. It blends with the&nbsp;<strong>carotid sheath<\/strong>&nbsp;which is located laterally to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The intermediate tendon of the&nbsp;<strong>digastric muscle&nbsp;<\/strong>passes through this layer, reaching the hyoid bone.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Prevertebral layer<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prevertebral layer surrounds the vertebral column and its associated (deep) muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It extends from the cranial base to the&nbsp;<strong>endothoracic fascia<\/strong>, and the anterior longitudinal ligament which is located approximately at the level of T3. Laterally, it extends to the axillary sheath.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Carotid sheath<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blending within the pretracheal layer, the carotid sheath encloses the following structures on each side:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Vagus nerve<\/li><li>Deep cervical lymph nodes<\/li><li>Internal jugular vein<\/li><li>Common carotid artery<\/li><li>Sympathetic nerve fibers<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mnemonic<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V<\/strong>ery&nbsp;<strong>D<\/strong>eep&nbsp;<strong>I<\/strong>nside&nbsp;<strong>C<\/strong>arotid&nbsp;<strong>S<\/strong>heath<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Clinical correlation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The clinical importance of the carotid sheath is that the proximity of these structures allow for an easy spread of infection.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Functions<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Layers<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Investing layer<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pretracheal layer<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prevertebral layer<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carotid sheath<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Functions Help slow down and minimize the spread of infections by creating relatively isolated compartments; this isolation can be helpful during surgery Offer mechanical support in the form of slipperiness, allowing free range of motion in the neck Layers The cervical fascia (known as the deep cervical fascia) is made from three layers: Investing layer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1163,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1166","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Layers and fascia &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neck\/layers-and-fascia\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/layers-and-fascia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/layers-and-fascia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Layers and fascia &#8211; 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