{"id":10920,"date":"2022-07-30T15:41:29","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T13:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/neuroanatomy\/tracts\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\/"},"modified":"2022-08-30T13:49:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T11:49:10","slug":"pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/neuroanatomy\/tracts\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\/","title":{"rendered":"Pyramidal &#038; extrapyramidal tracts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts are descending (efferent) tracts that execute voluntary (pyramidal) and involuntary (extrapyramidal) movements.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Pyramidal<\/th><th>Extrapyramidal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Origin<\/td><td>Cerebral cortex<\/td><td>Brainstem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Localization<\/td><td>Pass through the medullary pyramids<\/td><td><strong>Do not<\/strong> pass through the pyramids<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Function<\/td><td>Voluntary muscle control<\/td><td>Involuntary muscle control (balance) and modulation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tracts<\/td><td>Rubrospinal<br>Reticulospinal<br>Vestibulospinal<br>Tectospinal<\/td><td>Corticospinal<br>Corticobulbar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1.<\/strong> Comparison of pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Pyramidal tracts<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Corticobulbar tract<\/strong>. Voluntary control of the muscles of facial expression, head, and neck; mostly <strong>bilateral innervation<\/strong>. <ul><li>Originates in the cerebral cortex (PMC; Brodmann 4) \u2192 Genu of the internal capsule \u2192 Descends down to the medulla and medullary pyramids, and synapses with the nuclei of CN III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII <strong>bilaterally<\/strong> (with some exceptions)<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>The part of CN VII that innervates the lower part of the face, and XII will not receive bilateral innervation.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Corticospinal tract<\/strong>. Voluntary control of the muscles of the body; <strong>contralateral innervation<\/strong>.<ul><li>Originates in the cerebral cortex (PMC; Brodmann 4 and 6) \u2192 Posterior limb of the internal capsule \u2192 Crus cerebri \u2192 Basis pontis \u2192 Medullary pyramids \u2192 Split into anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts<\/li><li>Lateral corticospinal tract is formed by most fibers (85%), <strong>decussates right away<\/strong>, and synapses with LMN that control the <strong>muscles of the limbs<\/strong><\/li><li>Anterior corticospinal tract is formed by the rest (15%), <strong>continues downward ipsilaterally and decussates at the cervical and thoracic spinal cord<\/strong>, and synapses with LMN that control the muscles of the <strong>trunk and neck<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-468x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10993\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-468x1024.png 468w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-137x300.png 137w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-768x1681.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-702x1536.png 702w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract-936x2048.png 936w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/corticospinal_tract.png 1163w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1.<\/strong> The corticospinal tract.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Extrapyramidal tracts<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rubrospinal tract<\/strong>. Upper limb regulation of flexor and inhibition of extensor tone, as well as fine motor control; <strong>contralateral innervation<\/strong>.<ul><li>Originates in the red nucleus of the midbrain and immediately decussates \u2192 Descends in the laterally in the brainstem and spinal cord \u2192 Synapses on interneurons in the spinal cord<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Reticulospinal tracts<\/strong>. Control antigravity extensor muscles, and muscles of the trunk.<ul><li>Consists of the medial reticulospinal tract (MRST) and the lateral reticulospinal tract (LRST).<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>MRST is responsible to excite antigravity extensor muscles and increases muscle tone. Originates in the pontine reticular formation, <strong>descends ipsilaterally<\/strong>, and terminates in laminae VII and VIII of the spinal cord.<\/li><li>LRST is responsible to inhibit antigravity extensor muscles, decreases muscle tone, and control automatic breathing. Originates in the medullary reticular formation, <strong>descends bilaterally<\/strong>, and terminates in laminae VII and IX of the spinal cord.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Vestibulospinal tracts<\/strong>. Maintain balance and posture, when the head is being tilted to one side, as well as vestibular reflexes.<ul><li>Consists of the medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) and lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST).<\/li><li>LVST originates from the vestibular nuclei \u2192 <strong>Descends ipsilaterally<\/strong> on the anterior funiculus \u2192 Synapses on LMN<\/li><li>MVST originates from the vestibular nuclei \u2192 <strong>Descends bilaterally<\/strong> on the anterior funiculus \u2192 Synapses on interneurons in the cervical and upper thoracic spine<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Tectospinal tract.<\/strong> Coordination of head and eye movements; contralateral innervation.<ul><li>Originates in the superior colliculus of the midbrain \u2192 <strong>Decussates immediately <\/strong>and descends \u2192 Synapses on LMN in the cervical spinal cord.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pyramidal tracts<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extrapyramidal tracts<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pyramidal Extrapyramidal Origin Cerebral cortex Brainstem Localization Pass through the medullary pyramids Do not pass through the pyramids Function Voluntary muscle control Involuntary muscle control (balance) and modulation Tracts RubrospinalReticulospinalVestibulospinalTectospinal CorticospinalCorticobulbar Table 1. Comparison of pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts Pyramidal tracts Corticobulbar tract. Voluntary control of the muscles of facial expression, head, and neck; mostly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":10918,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10920","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pyramidal &amp; extrapyramidal tracts &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/neuroanatomy\/tracts\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\/\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/corticospinal_tract-468x1024.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-07-30T13:41:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-30T11:49:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/neuroanatomy\\\/tracts\\\/pyramidal-extrapyramidal-tracts\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/corticospinal_tract.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/corticospinal_tract.png\",\"width\":1163,\"height\":2546,\"caption\":\"Figure 1. 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