DNA stands for De(s)oxy-riboNucleic Acid; RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and the genome is the amount of total information found in a cell encoded in DNA.

Types of the genetic material

Based on the localization of the genetic material in eukaryote system, we distinguish between the DNA you will find inside the nucleus and the one which is inside the mitochondria (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Types of the DNA inside the cell

The genome in the nucleus is more complicated, more information is stored there in the form of the DNA, and it has its special appearance of double-antiparallel helix type of structure.

The mitochondrial DNA

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